Rahnella aquatilis JZ-GX1 Alleviate Salt Stress in Cinnamomum camphora by Regulating Oxidative Metabolism and Ion Homeostasis

Salt stress is an environmental that severely limits plant growth, development and productivity. The use of symbiotic relationships with beneficial microorganisms provides efficient, cost-effective environmentally friendly preventative method. growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) Rahnella aquatilis JZ-GX1 a moderately salinophilic strain good probiotic properties, although its ability to improve woody salt tolerance has not been reported. In this study, the effect on Cinnamomum camphora under different concentrations (0, 50 100 mM NaCl) was investigated reveal mechanism by which improves in C. camphora. results showed promoted growth root development. relative electrolyte leakage (REL) malondialdehyde (MDA) production inoculated plants were reduced 37.38% 21.90%, respectively, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity leaves enhanced 321.57% NaCl treatment. It observed transmission electron microscopy concentration conditions, leaf cells significant reduction plasma membrane–cell wall separation intact chloroplast structures, tightly packed thylakoids. Importantly, inoculation Na+ accumulation K+ seedlings, these changes consistent upregulated expression channel SKOR vesicular membrane (Na+, K+)/H+ reverse cotransporter NHX1 roots. This study revealed enhancing